【国外标准】 Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights

4.1 This practice recognizes that the effective performance of installed fenestration products is dependent in part upon following proper installation procedures and appropriate workmanship.4.2 This practice recognizes that the coordination of trades and proper sequencing are essential for effective fenestration installation. The general contractor shall be responsible for the necessary coordination of trades and proper construction sequencing of the installed fenestration product.4.3 Improper installation of units contributes to excessive air, water and sound leakage, and condensation. It may promote the deterioration of wall constructions, insulation, fenestration products, and their respective finishes.4.4 This practice presumes a working knowledge of applicable federal, state, and local codes and regulations, specifically, but not limited to required means of egress, requirements for safety glazing materials, and structural requirements of applicable codes.4.5 This practice presumes a working knowledge of the tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of specified fenestration products. It further assumes familiarity with flashing and sealing, glazing procedures, finishes where applicable, and an understanding of the fundamentals of construction that affect the installation of these units.4.6 This practice presumes that the products that have been furnished for the installation and their locations within the structure comply with all the applicable building codes and regulations.1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings.1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices.1.3 This practice attempts to instruct and familiarize the installer with the concepts of both Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems, in order to ensure the continuity of the building envelope. This practice attempts to educate the installer, builder, architect, and other users in the identification and understanding of the water shedding system of the building envelope.1.4 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation procedures through post-installation procedures, for single units or factory-mulled multiple units in a single opening. It does not cover the fabrication or assembly of multiple units, whether such fabrication takes place in a factory or at the intended installation site. The installer should check with the manufacturer of factory-assembled units for instructions for anchoring. When using field-mulled units, follow manufacturer's recommendations and make certain that they meet applicable codes. This practice does not cover the selection of appropriate fenestration products for a given application, nor the selection of other products or systems for use in the installation.1.5 This practice provides minimum requirements that will help to accomplish the installation of fenestration products in an effective manner. Actual conditions in buildings vary greatly and, in some cases, substantial additional precautions may be required. In the event that the manufacturer's installation instructions provided with the product conflict with requirements of this practice, the manufacturer's instructions shall prevail. This practice is not intended to limit or exclude other new procedures that may refine or further improve the effectiveness of fenestration installation.1.5.1 This practice is intended to be used for background information in order to develop training manuals and training programs. Further, this practice attempts to consolidate and unify the various steps of construction, tying together the various trades involved with the continuity between fenestration products and the building envelope.1.6 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this practice.1.7 This standard has not been created to address all issues related to every possible installation situation one might experience in the field. Furthermore, this practice does not purport to provide fail-safe installation methods, assurance or protection against installation deficiencies, or a standard by which architects can specify or ensure delivered performance.NOTE 1: There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this practice.1.8 Design Professional—This practice is not intended to limit the role and authority of a registered design professional to select a method of installation or to change, modify, or develop other methods of installation to meet the specific requirements of a building project for a particular location. A design professional retains the authority to prepare construction documents indicating window/door/skylight installations integrated with the water-resistive barrier (WRB).1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 5, Related Procedures. Where a lead hazard is known or suspected, refer to ASTM Standards on Lead Hazards Associated with Buildings and to applicable state and federal regulations. Where an asbestos hazard is known or suspected, refer to the ASTM Manual on Asbestos Control, and to applicable state and federal regulations.1.11 Table of Contents:  Section  1 Table of Contents 1.11Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3 Definitions 3.1 Description of Terms Specific to this Standard 3.2 Abbreviations 3.3 4Related Issues and Procedures 5 Continuity with the Weather Barrier Systems 5.1 Joints and Anchorages 5.2 Moisture Entrapment 5.3 Water-Resistive Barrier 5.4 Weatherability 5.5 Construction Sequence 5.6 Construction Damage 5.7 Inspection 5.8 Rough Opening 5.9  Rough Opening Size 5.9.1  Insulating or Filling the Rough Opening Gap 5.9.2 Materials Protection 5.10 Cleaning and Maintenance 5.11 Dissimilar Materials 5.12 Flashing Requirements 5.13 Fastening Systems/Anchorage 5.14 Shimming 5.15 Pan Flashing Systems and Subsills for Weatherability 5.16 Pre-Installation Procedures 5.17 Sealants—Selection and Use 5.18 Window Cleaner Anchors and Related Safety  Hardware 5.19Continuity Between the Fenestration Products and Other Components of the Building Envelope 6Water Shedding Strategies of Wall and Roof Systems 7 Concept of Surface Barrier Systems and  Membrane/Drainage Systems 7.1  Surface Barrier Systems 7.1.1  Membrane/Drainage Systems 7.1.2 Identification of Systems 7.2Installation Methods For Windows 8 Windows in Walls Utilizing a Membrane/Drainage  System 8.1  Windows with Perimeter Mounting Flanges   (Nail Fins) in Drainage Type Wall Construction 8.1.1   Flange Types 8.1.1.1   Selection of Installation Method 8.1.1.2    Method A 8.1.1.3.1    Method B 8.1.1.3.2    Method A1 8.1.1.3.3    Method B1 8.1.1.3.4  Non-Finned Windows in Membrane/Drainage   Type Walls 8.1.2 Windows in Walls Utilizing a Barrier Wall System  (Sealant Method) 8.2 Windows in Walls Utilizing an Exterior Barrier System  (EIFS or Direct Applied) 8.3 Alternative Approved Installation Methods for the  Installation of Windows 8.4  Extreme Wind/Water Conditions 8.4.1   Membrane Drainage Wood Frame Construction 8.4.1.1   Masonry Construction with Surface Barrier    Stucco Facade 8.4.1.2 Special Considerations 8.5  Aluminum Framed Windows 8.5.1  Vinyl Framed Windows 8.5.2 Replacement Window Installation 8.6  Partial Window Replacement for Existing Integral   Flange Windows 8.6.1  Partial Replacement of Mill Shop Wood Windows 8.6.2   “Mill Shop” Wood Windows (Vertical or Horizontal    Sliding) 8.6.2.1  Complete Window Replacement 8.6.3   Destructive Window Replacement (Fin Type) 8.6.3.1   Non-Destructive Window Replacement    (Non-Fin Type) 8.6.3.2Installation Methods for Doors 9 Doors in Walls Utilizing a Membrane/Drainage System 9.1  Doors with Perimeter Mounting Flanges   (Nailing Fins) in Drainage Type Wall   Construction 9.1.1   Flange Types 9.1.1.1   Selection of Installation Method 9.1.1.2    Method A 9.1.1.4.1    Method B 9.1.1.4.2    Method A1 9.1.1.4.3    Method B1 9.1.1.4.4  Hinged Swing (Non-finned) Doors in Membrane/   Drainage Type Walls 9.1.2Installation Methods for Skylights 10 Product Types 10.1 Flashing Procedures 10.2 Aluminum/Copper Sheet Flashing 10.3 Aluminum/Copper Step Flashing (Fabricated or  Engineered) 10.4 Membrane Flashing 10.5Post-Installation Procedures 11Keywords 12Air Barrier Foam Sealant Used in the Rough Opening Gap Annex A1Emergency Escape and Rescue Requirements Annex A2Minimum Height Requirements for Interior Height of Pan Flashing Annex A3Sealants Annex A4Window/Door Flashing Types Appendix X1Cautions for Installation Appendix X2Other Referenced Installation Guides Appendix X3Alternate Installation Methods Appendix X4Air Leakage Sealing of Interior Perimeter Rough Opening (Air & Water Seal) Appendix X51.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.