【国外标准】 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile

AbstractThese test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. The tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate or absorption, and determination of weight, size, warpage, length chanange, and void areas. For purposes of these tests, full-size bricks, tiles, or solid masonry units shall be used as test specimens. They shall be representative of the lot of units from which they are to be selected in respect of the range of colors, textures, and sizes and shall be free of or brushed to remove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassociated with the manufacturing process.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazes include imperviousness, chemical resistance, opacity, and resistance to crazing.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 1: The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 These test methods include the following sections:Section Heading Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Sampling 4Specimen Preparation 5Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test) 6Compressive Strength 7Absorption 8Freezing and Thawing 9Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Laboratory Test) 10Efflorescence 11Weight Per Unit Area 12Measurement of Size 13Measurement of Warpage 14Measurement of Length Change 15Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Field Test) 16Measurement of Void Area in Cored Units 17Measurement of Void Area in Deep Frogged Units 18Measurement of Out of Square 19Measurement of Shell and Web Thickness 20Breaking Load 21Imperviousness Test (of Ceramin Glazes) 22Chemical Resistance Test (of Ceramic Glazes) 23Autoclaved Crazing Test (of Ceramic Glazes) 24Opacity Test (of Ceramic Glazes) 25Precision and Bias 26Keywords 27Safety Precautions for Autoclave Equipment and Operation Appendix X11.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.