【国外标准】 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties, which are used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial terms and regulatory requirements. This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. This practice does not address how to sample crude at temperatures below the freezing point of water.PART I—GeneralThis part is applicable to all petroleum liquid sampling whether it be crude oil or refined products. Review this section before designing or installing any automatic sampling system.1.1 This practice describes general procedures and equipment for automatically obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products, crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container. This practice also provides additional specific information about sample container selection, preparation, and sample handling. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). This practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.1.2 Table of Contents:   SectionINTRODUCTION   1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3 4PART I–GENERAL  Representative Sampling Components 5Design Criteria 6Automatic Sampling Systems 7Sampling Location 8Mixing of the Flowing Stream 9Proportionality 10Sample Extractor Grab Volume 11Containers 12Sample Handling and Mixing 13Control Systems 14Sample System Security 15System Proving (Performance Acceptance Tests) 16Performance Monitoring 17PART II–CRUDE OIL  Crude Oil 18PART III–REFINED PRODUCTS  Refined Products 19KEYWORDS  Keywords 20ANNEXES  Calculations of the Margin of Error based on Number of Sample Grabs Annex A1Theoretical Calculations for Selecting the Sampler Probe Location Annex A2Portable Sampling Units Annex A3Profile Performance Test Annex A4Sampler Acceptance Test Data Annex A5APPENDIXES  Design Data Sheet for Automatic Sampling System Appendix X1Comparisons of Percent Sediment and Water versus Unloading Time Period Appendix X2Sampling Frequency and Sampling System Monitoring Spreadsheet Appendix X3Sampling System Monitoring—Additional Diagnostics Appendix X41.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or US Customary (USC) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Except where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as for National Pipe Threads/diameters, or tubing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.