【国外标准】 Standard Practice for Design, Alteration, and Certification of Aircraft Electrical Wiring Systems

4.1 Design—The design procedures defined in this practice are intended to provide acceptable guidance in the original design of electrical systems.4.2 Alteration—The alteration procedures defined in this practice are intended to provide acceptable guidance for modification of general aviation aircraft. Design of any modification shall follow the practices and processes defined in the design sections of this practice.4.3 Certification—Certification guidance provided in this practice is intended to provide generally accepted procedures and processes for certification of original and modified electrical systems and equipment. Requirements for certification shall be coordinated with the applicable National Aeronautics Association/Civil Aeronautics Administration (NAA/CAA) regulatory agency.1.1 Definition—This practice defines acceptable practices and processes for the design, alteration, and certification of electric systems and installations in general aviation aircraft. This practice does not change or create any additional regulatory requirements nor does it authorize changes in or permit deviations from existing regulatory requirements.1.2 Applicability—The guidance provided in this practice is directed to air carriers, air operators, design approval holders, Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) holders, maintenance providers, repair stations, and anyone performing field approval modifications or repairs.1.3 Protections and Cautions—This practice provides guidance for developing actions and cautionary statements to be added to maintenance instructions for the protection of wire and wire configurations. Maintenance personnel will use these enhanced procedures to minimize contamination and accidental damage to electrical wiring interconnection system (EWIS) while working on aircraft.1.4 “Protect and Clean As You Go” Philosophy—This philosophy is applied to aircraft wiring through inclusion in operators’ maintenance and training programs. This philosophy stresses the importance of protective measures when working on or around wire bundles and connectors. It stresses how important it is to protect EWIS during structural repairs, STC installations, or other alterations by making sure that metal shavings, debris, and contamination resulting from such work are removed.1.5 This practice includes the following sections:Title SectionWire Selection 5 General 5.1 Aircraft Wire Materials 5.2 Table of Acceptable Wires 5.3 Severe Wind and Moisture Problems (SWAMP) 5.4 Grounding and Bonding 5.5 Electrical Wire Chart 5.6Wire and Cable Identification 6 General 6.1 Wire and Cable Identification 6.2 Types of Markings 6.3 Sleeve and Cable Marker Selection 6.4 Placement of Identification Markings 6.5Wiring Installation 7 General 7.1 Wire Harness Installation 7.2 Power Feeders 7.3 Service Loops 7.4 Drip Loops 7.5 Soldering 7.6 Strain Relief 7.7 Grounding and Bonding 7.8 Splicing 7.9 Fuel Tank Wiring 7.10 Corrosion Preventative Compounds (CPC) (MIL-C-81309) 7.11Electrical Load Considerations 8 General 8.1 Methods for Determining the Current-Carrying Capacity of Wires 8.2 Acceptable Means of Monitoring and Controlling the Electrical Load 8.3Electrical System Components 9 General 9.1 Alternators 9.2 Generators 9.3 Ground Power Units 9.4 Auxiliary Power Units 9.5 Batteries 9.6 Circuit Protection Devices 9.7 Conduit 9.8 Connectors 9.9 Inverters and Power Converters 9.10 Junctions 9.11 Junction Boxes 9.12 Electronic Assemblies 9.13 Relays 9.14 Studs 9.15 Switches 9.16 Terminals and Terminal Blocks 9.17 Waveguides 9.18Electrical System Component Installation 10 General 10.1 Alternators 10.2 Generators 10.3 Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) 10.4 Batteries 10.5 Circuit Protection Devices 10.6 Conduit 10.7 Connectors 10.8 Inverters and Power Converters 10.9 Junctions 10.10 Junction Boxes, Panels, Shields, and Microswitch Housings 10.11 PC Board Assemblies 10.12 Relays 10.13 Studs 10.14 Switches 10.15 Terminals and Terminal Blocks 10.16 Waveguides 10.17EMI/RFI 11 General 11.1 Grounding and Bonding 11.2 HIRF 11.3 Lightning 11.4Alterations 12 General 12.1 Wire Substitutions 12.2 Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) Components 12.3 Electrical Load Considerations 12.4 Batteries 12.5 Circuit Breakers 12.6 Junction Boxes 12.7 Relays 12.8 Switches 12.9 Wire Marking 12.10 Wire Bundle Routing 12.11 Wire Bundle Combing 12.12 Interference Tests 12.13 System Safety Assessments 12.14Certification Processes 13 General 13.1 Certification 13.2 Alterations and Maintenance 13.31.6 Values—The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. See Appendix X2 for SI-based prefixes and powers of 10.NOTE 1: Where SI units are required, refer to Annex 5 of ICAO.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.