【国外标准】 Standard Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Variables Indexed by AQL

5.1 This practice was prepared to meet a growing need for the use of standard sampling plans for inspection by variables in customer procurement, supply and storage, and maintenance inspection operations. The variables sampling plans apply to a single quality characteristic which can be measured on a continuous scale, and for which quality is expressed in terms of percent defective. The theory underlying the development of the variables sampling plans, including the operating characteristic curves, assumes that measurements of the quality characteristic are independent, identically distributed normal random variables.5.2 In comparison with attributes sampling plans, variables sampling plans have the advantage of usually resulting in considerable savings in sample size for comparable assurance as to the correctness of decisions in judging a single quality characteristic, or for the same sample size, greater assurance is obtained using variables plans. Attributes sampling plans have the advantage of greater simplicity, of being applicable to either single or multiple quality characteristics, and of requiring no knowledge about the distribution of the continuous measurements of any of the quality characteristics.5.3 It is important to note that variables sampling plans are not to be used indiscriminately, simply because it is possible to obtain variables measurement data. In considering applications where the normality or independence assumptions may be questioned, the user is advised to consult his technical agency to determine the feasibility of application.5.4 Application—Sampling plans designated in this publication are applicable, but not limited, to inspection of the following: (1) end items, (2) components and raw materials, (3) operations or services, (4) materials in process, (5) supplies in storage, (6) maintenance operations, (7) data or records, and (8) administrative procedures.AbstractThis practice establishes lot or batch sampling plans and procedures for inspection by variables using MIL-STD-414 as a basis for sampling a steady stream of lots indexed by AQL. This practice was prepared to meet a growing need for the use of standard sampling plans for inspection by variables in customer procurement, supply and storage, and maintenance inspection operations. The variables sampling plans apply to a single quality characteristic which can be measured on a continuous scale, and for which quality is expressed in terms of percent defective. The theory underlying the development of the variables sampling plans, including the operating characteristic curves, assumes that measurements of the quality characteristic are independent, identically distributed normal random variables.1.1 Purpose—This practice establishes lot or batch sampling plans and procedures for inspection by variables using MIL-STD-414 as a basis for sampling a steady stream of lots indexed by AQL.1.2 This practice provides the sampling plans of MIL-STD-414 in ASTM format for use by ASTM committees and others. It recognizes the continuing usage of MIL-STD-414 in industries supported by ASTM. Most of the original text in MIL-STD-414 is preserved in Sections 6 – 9 of this practice.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.